| 郭岚敏,姜志梅,张 秋,张晓月,庞 伟,孙瑞雪,李兰兰,周 雪,王 萌.不同气质类型孤独症谱系障碍儿童的行为问题与其家庭环境的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2021,(4):412~417 |
| 不同气质类型孤独症谱系障碍儿童的行为问题与其家庭环境的研究 点此下载全文 |
| 郭岚敏 姜志梅 张 秋 张晓月 庞 伟 孙瑞雪 李兰兰 周 雪 王 萌 |
| 佳木斯大学附属第三医院，佳木斯大学康复医学院，黑龙江省佳木斯市，154000 |
| 基金项目：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(2019-311)；佳木斯大学优秀学科团队项目(JDXKTD-2019006)；国家自然科学基金项目（81704138） |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1242.2021.04.005 |
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| 摘要： |
| 摘要
目的：比较不同气质类型孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorders，ASD）儿童的行为问题及家庭环境差异，深入探讨ASD儿童气质类型及家庭环境对其行为问题的影响，为ASD儿童临床诊断和早期家庭干预提供新思路。
方法：选取2018年12月—2019年11月在佳木斯大学附属第三医院住院及门诊明确诊断的3—7岁ASD儿童，根据3—7岁儿童气质问卷（PTQ)将ASD儿童分为易养型组（E组）、难养型组（D组）、启动缓慢型组（S组）以及中间型组（I组）共4组，每组30例。采用孤独症行为检查量表（ABC）、重复刻板行为检查量表（RBS-R）及家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）对所有观察对象全面评估。
结果：①D组和S组的感觉、交往、语言、自理、刻板、强迫，以及固定行为得分显著高于E组和I组（P<0.05）；D组躯体以及自伤行为得分显著高于E组、S组以及I组（P<0.05）。②D组和S组的家庭矛盾性与控制性得分显著高于E组和I组（P<0.05）；E组和I组的家庭亲密度、成功性、组织性、娱乐性以及知识性得分显著高于D组和S组（P<0.05）。③ASD儿童行为问题与家庭环境维度M1、M3、M4、M5以及M6呈显著负相关；而与家庭环境维度M2、M7呈显著正相关。
结论：①不同气质类型ASD儿童行为问题：难养型最突出；易养型最轻；启动缓慢型较易养型和中间型突出。②易养型和中间型ASD儿童家庭环境优于难养型和启动缓慢型ASD儿童。③积极的家庭环境可改善ASD儿童行为问题；消极的家庭环境加剧ASD儿童行为问题。 |
| 关键词：孤独症谱系障碍 气质类型 行为问题 家庭环境 |
| A research on the behavior problems and family environment of autism spectrum disorders children with different temperament types Download Fulltext |
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| The Third Hospital of Jiamusi University， Jiamusi，154000 |
| Fund Project: |
| Abstract: |
| Abstract
Objective： To compare the behavior problems and family environment of autism spectrum disorders children with different temperament types. By further discussing the influence of temperament types and family environment on behavior of ASD，to find out the psychological and environmental factors that aggravate the behavior problems of ASD. This study provides a new method for clinical diagnosis and early family intervention of ASD children.
Method： Selected children aged 3-7 years old who were definitely diagnosed with ASD， from December 2018 to November 2019 in the outpatient and inpatient departments of third hospital of Jiamusi university. According to the parent?temperament?questionnaire， the children were divided into easy type group(E group)， difficult type group(D group)， slow-to-warm-up type group (S group) and intermediate type group (I group) with 30 cases in each group. Autism behavior checklist， repetitive behavior scale-revised， and family environments scale manual-Chinese version were used to assess the behavior problems and family environment of ASD children with different temperament types.
Result： ①Compared with the E and I group， the score of sense， interaction， language， self-care， stereotype， compulsive and sameness behaviors were higher in the D and S group (P<0.05). Compared with the E，S and I group， the scores of body and self-injurious behaviors were higher in the D group(P<0.05). ②Compared with the E and I group， the scores of conflict and control were higher in the D and S group (P<0.05). Compared with the D and S group，the scores of cohesion， achievement， organization， active-recreational orientation，and intellectual-cultural orientation were higher in the E and I group (P<0.05).③The behavior problems of ASD and the factors of M1， M3， M4， M5， M6 were significantly negatively correlated. The behavior problems of ASD and the factors of M2， M7 were significantly positively correlated.
Conclusion： ①Behavioral problems of children with ASD of different temperament types are different. The difficult type is the most obvious， and the easy type is the lightest. The slow-to-warm-up type is more obvious than the easy type and intermediate type group. ②The family environment of ASD children with easy type and intermediate type was better than those with difficult type and slow-to-warm-up type.③A positive family environment can improve the behavior problems of children with ASD. A negative family environment exacerbates the behavior problems of children with ASD. |
| Keywords:autism spectrum disorder temperament types behavior problems family environment |
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